Consumer Benefits Associated with Renegotiations of NAFTA by Mexico

Question: Examine about the Consumer Benefits Associated with Renegotiations of NAFTA by Mexico and Canada. Answer: The North American organized commerce understanding (NAFTA) is accord which was haggled by three countries government that is Mexico, Canada, and the United States. This gave the disposal of most duties on the items which were exchanges among the Canada, Mexico and United States (Olson, 2008, p. 420). The essential objective was to incorporate Mexico with high turn of events and high compensation economy of the United States just as Canada. This article clarifies a portion of the customer benefits related with the renegotiation of NAFTA by both Mexico and Canada. NAFTA has helped Mexican homestead items which are traded to the United States. This has expanded openings for work in assembling ventures in Mexico and US, and numerous investigations are found about how to improve the ranch items subsequently raise the positive effect on profitability and oth in Mexican (Wise, 2010, p. 100). Likewise, NAFTA has empowered Mexico to diminish its exchange obstructions. This is by joining General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and furthermore pre-NAFTA normal levy level. NAFTA has improved consummation of an exchange understanding which is free between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This has empowered numerous individuals to participate in exchanging industry thus improving their ways of life and furthermore improving the countrys riches through the installment of assessments. Additionally, NAFTA has expanded the provincial exchange forcefully in Canada (Yunez-Naude and Barceinas, 2002, p. 24)increment of compensations in Canada to numerous representatives and furthermore a production of many openings for work have been made by NAFTA causing numerous jobless individuals to land positions. NAFTA has empowered Mexico to disengage a few guarantees from different nations which bolster Mexico. This has the Mexico to raise wages and pay rates to the representatives, to convey the fast development and to decrease the displacement inside the Mexico nation (Hill, 2008, p. 24). Likewise, NAFTA has assisted Mexico to pay off its open obligation, with stabilizing its expansion additionally has presented a standard on the decent spending plan and has empowered the nation to develop the outside stores. All in all, NAFTA has empowered these two nations to bob back rapidly to their overall revenues. In this manner, having acquainted various advantages with Mexico and Canada, NAFTA ought to exceptionally get bolstered by the dependable governments to improve proceeded with development and monetary manageability. References Slope, C., 2008. Universal Business: Competing in the worldwide commercial center. Vital Direction,24(9). Olson, R.D., 2008. NAFTA's food and horticulture lessons.Peace Review,20(4), pp.418-425. Insightful, C. ed., 2010.Post-NAFTA Political Economy: Mexico and the Western Hemisphere. Penn State Press. Yunez-Naude, A. furthermore, Barceinas, F., 2002. Exercises from NAFTA: The instance of Mexicos agrarian sector.Washington, DC: The World Bank.

Paul Joseph Goebbels Essay Example for Free

Paul Joseph Goebbels Essay Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 †1 May 1945) was a German government official and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitlers nearest relates and most faithful devotees, he was known for his fanatical speech and hostile to Semitism. He played a deliver the Kristallnacht assault on the German Jews, which numerous students of history consider to be the start of the Final Solution, prompting the Holocaust. Goebbels earned a Ph. D. from Heidelberg University in 1921, composing his doctoral proposal on nineteenth century sentimental show; he at that point proceeded to fill in as a writer and later a bank representative and guest on the stock trade. He likewise composed books and plays, however they were dismissed by distributers. Goebbels came into contact with the Nazi Party in 1923 during the French control of the Ruhr and turned into a part in 1924. He was designated Gauleiter (territorial gathering pioneer) of Berlin. In this position, he put his promulgation aptitudes to full utilize, battling the neighborhood communist and socialist gatherings with the assistance of Nazi papers and the paramilitary Stormtroopers, otherwise known as, Brownshirts, SA. By 1928, he hosted ascended in the get-together positions to get one of its most conspicuous individuals. Goebbels rose to control in 1933 alongside Hitler and the Nazi Party and he was named Propaganda Minister. One of his first demonstrations was the consuming of books dismissed by the Nazis. He applied extremist authority over the media, expressions and data in Germany. From the earliest starting point of his residency, Goebbels composed assaults on German Jews, beginning with the one-day blacklist of Jewish specialists, specialists, and legal advisors on April 1, 1933. His assaults on the Jewish populace finished in the Kristallnacht attack of 1938, an open and intemperate slaughter released by the Nazis the whole way across Germany, where scores of temples were scorched and several Jews were ambushed and killed. Further, he created a progression of hostile to Semitic movies. Goebbels utilized present day purposeful publicity strategies to mentally set up the German individuals for forceful fighting. During World War II, Goebbels expanded his capacity and impact through moving partnerships with other Nazi pioneers. By late 1943, the tide of the war was betraying the Axis powers, however this just prodded Goebbels to increase the publicity by asking the Germans to acknowledge all out war and preparation. Goebbels stayed with Hitler in Berlin as far as possible; only hours after Hitlers self destruction, Goebbels and his better half Magda killed their six little youngsters and afterward ended it all.

Health Insurance and Health Care in America Essay Example For Students

Medical coverage and Health Care in America Essay On the planet today there are a wide range of issues going on that ought to be tended to. Metro Engagement is something that everybody needs to partake in on the grounds that others can utilize help. In my Freshman Gateway Class we have begun a venture managing the various issues going on. We have part into isolated gatherings and have all picked subjects with respect to various community commitment openings. The theme that my gathering picked is Health Care. We have separated that into various areas to investigate, so I picked medical coverage. I picked medical coverage since it is something that is fiercely examined everywhere throughout the world, it is an extremely expansive subject, such huge numbers of individuals have various assessments, and there is such a great amount to discuss. It’s difficult to accept that in America not all employments give medical coverage, regardless of how high the person’s compensation might be, they ought to consistently be granted medical coverage. Human services in America is something that has numerous intricate details, a wide range of themes, and medical coverage is a significant piece of that. Such a significant number of individuals have various sentiments and that brings along issues. A few people accept various things and don’t consistently have similar conclusions about who ought to be granted medical coverage. One issue with medical coverage is that it is seen by numerous individuals as excessively costly and giving too little inclusion. A key issue with medical coverage is that members view premiums as a fixed expense; consequently they see a negligible cost for health care coverage. A low minimal cost doesn't change the way that social insurance must be paid for. In this manner, medical coverage premiums are not at a fixed expense for society. In this manner, social insurance request surpasses what it ought to be given its expense. Recognitions that h. .paper could incredibly impact somebody to attempt to roll out an improvement to where we could grant medical coverage to everybody. I’ve discovered that occasionally individuals can’t bear the cost of protection at the same time, different occasions it is the insurance agencies who are not giving enough protection and need an over the top cost for something that will scarcely cover you. Manager based frameworks are something that should be considered when an organization is attempt to give protection to its representatives since it is an extraordinary framework that can assist more with peopling in this nation get protection. Assisting with figuring out how to make medical coverage reasonable and successful for some, individuals is an extraordinary path for somebody to have any kind of effect in this world. It’s an extraordinary community commitment thing to help out. I completely accept that on the off chance that we rolled out an improvement in the human services world America overall would be a greatly improved nation.

Free 5 Minute Clinical Consult and Epocrates Online Premium

Pfizer for Professionals Pfizer for Professionals:As much as I hate to give my email address over to thepharmaceuticalcompanies this one is worth it. When you create a free professional account you get free access to several amazing resources and even aniPhoneapp that allows you to access these resources on the go. And yes, it really is free! Update September 2016: Pfizer has temporarily ended their agreement with 5 Minute Clinical Consult (very sad). Although you can still gain free access to Epocrates Online Premium*. The 5 Minute Clinical Consult is quite extensive, but not the complete version and the Epocrates RX Online Premium lacks the ability to search diseases. Shame on you Pfizer for making us listen to all your drug reps and you can't even spring for the full version. But, what should we expect? You also get access to A.D.A.M Quick sheets, links to patient assistance programs, and soon: journal reprints, and freeprinted patient literature. Check it out and you can decide if it is worth the cost of your email address. You may also like -Free PANCE and PANRE Board Review Email SeriesSign up for the FREE Daily PANCE and PANRE I am super excited to announce myFree Daily PANCE and PANRE board review email review series. It's 60 days of PANCE and PANRE Board Review Questions and Answers delivered directly to your []PA Schoolfinder The Ultimate Physician Assistant School and Program DirectoryWatch this introductory videoto see the website in action Are You Trying to Find The Perfect PA School to Fit Your Needs? Are you interested in attending PA school, but you have limited resources and no idea where to []The Best Medical iPhone and iPad Apps for Physicians, PAs, and Medical StudentsMedical App Directory for iPhone on iTunes Anesthesiology Anesthesiology i-pocketcards $3.99 Designed for both the iPhone and the iPad, this app is a clinical reference guide with a compilation of scores, classification, algorithm []

The Effect of Classical Music on Exam Scores Essays

Taking tests in the academic environment has been the mainstay for evaluating student’s comprehension and mastery of concepts learned. Although this can reflect an accurate depiction of their retained knowledge, many factors may affect the recollection of tested material. Students of all ages can experience a certain level of stress when entering the testing environment, which may have a negative impact on their ability to recall information. This stress may reflect an inaccuracy of what they recalled. Countless factors have been shown to impact test taking ability including environmental noise or lack thereof, anxiety, and self-confidence. These factors affect the students’ ability to concentrate and recall learned information leading to†¦show more content†¦Definition of Terms For the purpose of this study the following terms are defined. Background Music. Music playing in the background at the same time as an individual’s attention is involved with a specific task. Still need to reference Capacity Model. Maintains that a limited pool of resources must be distributed over cognitive processes at any given moment. Still need to reference Classical Music. Serious or conventional music following long-established principles rather than a folk, jazz, or popular tradition. Cognitive Performance. Refers to processes such as memory, attention, perception, action, problem solving and mental imagery capacity. Still need to reference Multidisciplinary Reasoning. Combining or involving multiple disciplines of study including knowledge of science, math, English, culture, society, history, reading comprehension, and basic reasoning. Applying this knowledge in solving a topic or problem in a logical and sensible way. Still need to reference Test Anxiety. Is a combination of perceived physiological over-arousal, feelings of worry and dread, self-depreciating thoughts, tension, and somatic symptoms that occur during test situations. The Mozart Effect. The Mozart effect can refer to: A set of research results indicating that listening to Mozarts music mayShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Listening On Different Types Of Music1026 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Effects of listening to different types of music one week prior to midterm exam on student’s result in a randomized classroom clinical trial Introduction: Dating back to 1973 was one of the earliest studies done on music and memory. The study done by Mowsesian and Heyer involves 15 year old students listening to music while taking their exam. The researchers found out that music does not have a huge impact on student’s performance (Hallam, Price, Katsarou, 2002). In contrast, there isRead MoreShort Note On Short Term Memory Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesrequired to memorize a certain amount of information in a limited period of time, students often use memory techniques in order to store a given information. Most studies have suggested; students resort to using short-memory as a tool in a last minute exam/quiz study session. Short-term memory is defined as a finite amount of information that can be temporarily stored and retrieved for up to 20 seconds. Short-term memory can also hold up to nine groups of stimuli in a given information (Weiten, StallingRead MoreApplying Research Methods For My Psychology 7 Course1023 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch on. After brainstorming topics, music sparked my interest the most. I have a dance background in hip hop, tap, jazz, and modern. I always enjoyed dancing to music, so this is where my interest in conducting research on music stemmed from. I decided to study the relationship music has on college students. Through observation on campus, I see many students listening to music on their music devices. I fit that spectrum, as I listen to music on my way to school and on school groundsRead MoreSocial Change And Public Policy1528 Words   |  7 Pagesis operated by Laredo citizen’s concerned with the system of charter and public schools on how classical music has disappeared as a necessity of the learning structure for students. Not only has classical music been completely erased from the school system, it has caused student’s grades to suffer and also to do poorly on standardized tests such as state tests or college level entry exams. Classical music is a necessity for all life and by taking away one of the educational system’s best fields ofRead MoreHow Has Classical Music Changed the World1724 Words   |  7 PagesHOW HAS CLASSICAL MUSIC CHANGED THE WORLD How has classical music changed the world we live in? The world we live in has changed but Classical music has remained the same. Classical music isn’t really prevalent in today’s society. 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Music has many different ways to affect people. In some ways, it is good for the body both physically and mentally. In other ways, people think it is nice to listen to. More detailed, music has personalities, which can express what people feel. There are many observations involving different ways to express human emotions. Emotions are very interesting things, especially when they involve music. Music can have many personalities, affect people’sRead MoreThe Prolific Canadian Pianist : Glenn Gould1591 Words   |  7 Pagesimmersed in music early on in his life. Even before Gould’s birth his mother, a musician herself, played him music during her pregnancy. When he was still an infant he was known to hum along to music and wiggle his fingers in apparent chord patterns, leading a doctor to say he would end up †either a physician or a pianist†(Ostwald 40). When Glen was three his mother realized that he possessed tremendous musical talent, including absolute pitch as well as the ability to read staff music notation.Read MoreThe Effects of Classical Music on Individual3091 Words   |  13 Pagespeople who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people. Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number ofRead MoreThe Mozart Effect3416 Words   |  14 Pagesincrease her baby’s brain function? Well there is now evidence that this once perceived ‘old wives tale’ is actually true. The studies done to prove this seemingly bizarre event have deemed it, The Mozart Effect. The Mozart Effect is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as â€Å"spatial-temporal reasoning†. Spatial-temporal reasoning is the ability to visualize mental pictures of

Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay - 769 Words

The composer of some of the most influential pieces of music ever written, Ludwig van Beethoven created a bridge between the 18th-century classical period and the new beginnings of Romanticism. His greatest breakthroughs in composition came in his instrumental work, including his symphonies. Unlike his predecessor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for whom writing music seemed to come easily, Beethoven always struggled to perfect his work. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, and was baptized on Dec. 17, 1770. (There is no record of his birth date.) His father and grandfather worked as court musicians in Bonn. Ludwigs father, a singer, gave him his early musical training. Although he had only meager†¦show more content†¦By 1802 Beethoven was convinced that the condition not only was permanent, but was getting progressively worse. He spent that summer in the country and wrote what has become known as the quot;Heiligenstadt Testament.quot; In the document, apparently intended for his two brothers, Beethoven expressed his humiliation and despair. For the rest of his life he searched for a cure, but by 1819 his deafness had become total. Afterward, in order to have conversations with his friends, Beethoven had them write down their questions and replied orally. Beethoven never married. Though he had many friends, he seemed to be a lonely man. He continued to appear in public but spent more and more of his time working on his compositions. He lived in various villages near Vienna and took long walks carrying sketchbooks in which he would write down his musical ideas. Scholars who have studied these sketchbooks have discovered the agonizingly long process that the composer went through in order to perfect his melodies, harmonies, and instrumentations. Three Periods of Work Most critics divide Beethovens work into three general periods, omitting the earliest years of his apprenticeship in Bonn. Although some pieces do not fit exactly into the scheme, these divisions can be used to categorize the composers work. The first period, from 1794 to about 1800, consists of music whose most salientShow MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven945 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770 to Johann van Beethoven and his wife, Maria Magdalena. He took his first music lessons from his father, who was tenor in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne. His father was an unstable, yet ambitious man whose excessive drinking, rough temper and anxiety surprisingly did not diminish Beethoven s love for music. 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These particular composers have given many societies the chance to listen, feel and express themselves through music and instruments that were invented centuries ago that still remain essential components of music today. One example of a composer that changed the music world drastically was a man by the name of Ludwig van BeethovenRead MoreThe Talent Of Beethoven By Ludwig Van Beethoven1331 Words   |  6 PagesMany of my family members along with some family friends suffer from an extreme lack of hearing just like one of the greatest composers of all time, Ludwig van Beethoven. However, my family members and family friends are not musicians. The talent of Beethoven is very inspiring for not only the deaf, but for other people as well. He created most of his music while suffering from hearing loss which seems to be quite impossible , but somehow he managed to do it. Though his music is without a doubt unbelievablyRead MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1408 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven When I was 7 years old, my parents signed me up for music school. I did not want to go to music school, but they wanted me just to try. In first class we were just listening classical music and it really sounded boring. But when Beethoven’s fifth symphony came on, I fell in love with classical music and I wanted to study it even more. My sister was also in musical school and she played piano and when I came back from school, I was begging her to play me some of Beethoven’s piecesRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. 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Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play theRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words   |  7 Pagesexpressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as one of the most powerful musical personalities. Although Beethoven was influenced by most of the famous composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc. but he was also innovated new techniques that will be seen in the next music period. Beethoven built a musical bridge

Limitation of Capital Asset Pricing Model

Question: Discuss about the Limitation of Capital Asset Pricing Model. Answer: Introduction Capital budgeting is a process which helps a business in determining the amount that should be invested in a project and the desired return for that particular project. This enables the managers use capital majorly long term funds that will help the organization to generate more cash flows for certainly some future years. It is one the most challenging task for managers because it outlays the investment decision, and organizations major funds are locked into this decision. It enables a company to focus on its long term goals. There are various methods under capital budgeting like modified internal rate of return (MIRR), average accounting return (ARR), accounting rate of return, profitability index (PI), payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). These all methods are considered as relevant in capital budgeting because actual results were not matching with expected results. In capital budgeting methods which are used for risk analysis are break even analysis, hillers model, simulation analysis, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, decision tree analysis. Following some of the methods are discussed. Sensitivity analysis: According to Saltelli, 2004, the study in which how much the amount of uncertainty in the output of a model(numerical or otherwise) can be allocated to different sources of uncertainty in the model input, that is why it is known as the what if analysis(Lumby Jones,2007). Sensitivity analysis estimates about degree to which various estimates about a project can change before the decision advised by NPV is overturned. There are two major advantage of this. The first advantage is that an investor is able to get clear that which decision advice is more sensitive. Hence he is able to take more time to make accurate decisions as possible. The second advantage is that it gives more information to the investor that whether to rely upon the decision made by NPV analysis or not. There are two major disadvantages in sensitivity analysis. The first disadvantage is it takes only one estimate at a time that is it does not consider the simultaneous change in two or more estimates. The second disadvantage is that it gives no indication that how the investor would make the use and evaluate the decisions of sensitivity data. In addition, if cost of management like fixed cost, variable costs, and investment costs rises above the expectation. Sensitivity analysis treats each variable as separate when, different variables are likely to be related to each other. Hence it can be said that a sensitivity analysis is a method which enables the investor to know, the different values of exogenous variable can affect the value of endogenous variables.( Ratto, Campolongo, Gatelli, Tarantola; 2008) Sensitivity analysis in relation with capital budgeting: Capital budgeting is a process which helps a business in determining the amount should be invested in a project and the desired return for that particular project. In sensitivity analysis we change one input variable at a time and examine the effect on the output variables. The sensitivity analysis guides the business for making investment decision effectively and in estimating about the project implication if the assumption turns out to be unreliable. According to Colin Drury, NPV depends upon various variables like initial outlay, investment costs and their components, selling units, selling price, sales volume, discount rates, and interest rates. As NPV requires various assumptions so to determine how sensitive they are and to know about their extent sensitivity analysis is required. He also states that through sensitivity analysis managers are likely to evaluate how sensitive and responsive NPV is to changes for the variables which are used to calculate it. (Zhamoida, Matsiuk, 2011). Scenario Analysis: Scenario Analysis is systematic method which enables a manager to evaluate that how financial analysis results would change under known circumstances. It is estimating an expected value of a portfolio after a given period of time. Expected value of the portfolio is affected due to various reasons like changes in the interest rate, time value of money. When an investor considers different NPVs of several portfolios, it is called as scenario analysis. This can be very difficult sometimes because of uncertainty that is, may be the future outcome is entirely unexpected. Both scenario and sensitive analysis can be useful when evaluating the best portfolio. Sensitive analysis gives an idea about uncertainty involved in a portfolio. In this the investor came to know that how the outcome is based in certain variable. Whereas in scenario analysis the investor makes a decision that which outcome is most likely to happen? This approach examines a number of scenarios which are alike, and involve s confluence of factors. Scenario analysis can play an important role in complex situation. In case of weak scenario that is weak economic condition hence the investor would expect the unit sales would be lower, that would result in low cost. Whereas in case of strong market condition it is expected as sales to rise and cost as inflated. This explains that how the assumptions under NPV can vary under the alternative scenario (Moles, Parrino Kidwekk, .2011). Scenario analysis in relation with capital budgeting: Scenario analysis provides a means to evaluate the variability in the capital budgeting decision like NPV. Under this, analysts estimates the expected cash flows that are called as base case scenario. From base case scenario, two condition can be derived that are best market condition and worst market condition, under each market condition NPV is calculated, this would give an idea to investor that in which projects NPV will lie ( Lee Lee,2006 ). Capital asset pricing model (CAPM): CAPM calculates equitys expected return related to a particular firm. In finance one of the most important things to be understood is the risk and return analysis. It is said that the more you risk take the more the return would be. Risk and return both goes in a positive direction. But this is only useful for risk takers. Because risk takers dare to take more risk in exchange of getting more returns, whereas risk avoiders are those who usually want regular return with a minimum rate of risk. Hence CAPM is the model used by finance professionals to calculate the required return with given rate of risk. CAPM model lays some assumptions which are discussed as below: Investors are wealth maximizes- this means investor will select an investment on the basis of standard deviation and expected return. Unlimited borrowing limit- means unlimited funds can be borrowed by investor or can be lend at a zero risk rate or risk free rate. Same expectations- all the investors have same expectations regarding the project. Fully divisible- all the financial assets are fully divisible. There is no transaction cost No taxes are there. Market prices cannot be influenced by investor. All the quantities of financial assets are given and certain. All the information is available to the investors- this is not usually done because some information is intentionally hided by the directors. The CAPM model consists of two elements: The capital market line (CML) and the security market line (SML). Capital market line (CML): In 1950s Harry Markowitz wrote his doctoral dissertation in which he discussed about CML. He said CML is kind of graph which is originated from the CAPM model. CML is a line drawn as tangent from the risk free asset point to the feasible region of risky assets. In a particular portfolio the CML is used to determine its required rate of return. This analysis depends upon the amount of risk involved and rate of return of a particular portfolio. The CML depicts the return and risk relationship for efficient portfolio and shows the exact risk measurement involved in the portfolio (Vijendra.S, 2016). When risk free assets are combined with market portfolio, it is more capable of producing a high return. The concept of CML is given by combining the risk free assets and market portfolio.cml is usually preferred by experts because in the portfolio addition of risk free assets is considered. In 1952s Harry Markowitz said that the optimal portfolio does not only mean securities with higher returns or lower risk, rather it is the aim of an investor that optimal portfolio should balance securities in such a way that matches the greatest potential returns with an acceptable degree of risk for a given level of return. The point where optimal portfolio lies is known as efficient frontier. The CML does not specify individual securities risk return relationship (as that can be calculated by security market line that is SML). Only those portfolios that do not pose any divertible risk can be calculated by CML. However when the risk/reward relationship is to be calculated on individual securities, SML should be used. CML uses no risk investments. Here only efficient portfolios are included. SML consists of two types of risk: unsystematic risk and systematic risk. Unsystematic risk is that risk which can be diversified by diversification in the portfolio, whereas systematic risk is that which cannot be diversified from diversification, for example legal and political factors. Equation of the CML: E(Rp) = xE(Ry)+(1-x)Rf Where: (1-x) = the portfolio percentage which is invested in the risk free asset x= the portfolio percentage which is invested in risky assets Rf= the risk free interest rate E(Ry)= the expected return of the risky asset portfolio The capital market line and market portfolio All the investors lie upon the CML as shown in figure. In this risky portfolio are denoted by M, risk free assets are denoted by E (Rp). Risk avoiders lie on the left of M such as C, whereas risk takers lie on the right of point M such as L (Barlow.J.F. 2006). Similarities between capital asset pricing model and capital market line: The equilibrium relationship between expected return on securities and their co variances with the market portfolio is called as Security market line which can also be referred as CAPM. CML and CAPM both are positively co related by which it can be said that it is the perception of an investor that more the risk would be taken the higher would be the return. CAPM and CML both are used to determine to select portfolio, hence they are a good tool to use for investment analysis and portfolio management (Reilly Brown, 2011). Differences between CAPM and CML: CML not only represents the efficient frontier but also tells about the equilibrium relationship between E(r) and for all efficient portfolios. CML describes the equilibrium relationship between those who dont posses any unsystematic risk. CAPM can hold all the securities and portfolio whether efficient or inefficient. Whereas CML can hold only one efficient portfolio. In CML, risk is measured by the portfolios standard deviation whereas, in CAPM the risk is measured by a beta coefficient (measurement of systematic risk) (Krichene, 2013). CAPM is not realistic because it assumes that investors will choose the portfolio in the basis of risk and return only, here transaction cost, information cost, brokerage, and taxes are ignored. Whereas in CML model investor chooses the portfolio on the basis of market risky portfolio and riskless securities. CAPM model involves a tradeoff between risk and return which means, the higher the risk, higher would be the returns whereas in CML the investors estimates the return in the exchange of bearing of risk in a portfolio. CAPM is used to determine the firms cost of equity, hurdle rates, cost and returns, risk premium. It is a line for any portfolio which include inefficient also, whereas in CML it has only efficient portfolio. Conclusion: Corporate decision making is a crucial decision in any organization to be taken by corporate managers. All the decisions to be made by the organization are to be based upon the decision formed in corporate decision making. For effective running of an organization it is very necessary to continuously review the decisions taken and suggestible steps must be taken. For taking accurate corporate decision making it is very necessary to involve other level managers also. Before taking the decision taken by managers the question to be answered is what would be the decision, criteria for the decision, what information would be required and at whom there would be burden of proof, what role is to be played by whom, and what would be the timeline for both the decision and execution. References: Jay Wagner,Study.com,2016, Capital asset pricing model, accessed date 22 december,2016, viewed at https://study.com/academy/lesson/capital-asset-pricing-model-capm-definition-formula-advantages-example.html Frino, A,. Hill, A Chen, Z,.2013, Introduction to corporate finance, 5th edition, Pearson Australia Finance maps of world, 2015, accessed on 22 december,2016,Viewed at https://finance.mapsofworld.com/capital-market/line.html Kuruschner.M,.2008, Limitation of the capital asset pricing model, Germany Vijendra.S, 2016, comparative study of stock movement between Tech Mahindra and Infosys, journal of advances in business management, volume [2], issue [1], page [23-27], accessed on 22 December, 2016, viewed at https://jadbm.com/latest-articles.php?at_id=82 Ratto, S, M,. Campolongo, A, F,. Gatelli, C, D,.Tarantola.M.S.S; 2008; Global Sensitivity Analysis; John Wiley sons, Ltd; England Zhamoida, O, A, .Matsiuk, M, S,. (2011). Sensitivity Analysis in Capital Budgeting. Economic Herald of the Donbas [online], No (4)(26), accessed at 23 december,2016,available at https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=17cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjo7In0iofRAhXJQY8KHfdBA0AQFghvMBAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fispolzovanie-analiza-chuvstvitelnosti-pri-raschete-rentabelnosti-kapitalovlozheniy.pdfusg=AFQjCNHCD6PWgAddRPqSBYYmwfjTYRn9MQbvm=bv.142059868,d.c2I Maps of world, 2015, Risk analysis in capital budgeting, accessed on 22 December, 2016, viewed at https://finance.mapsofworld.com/corporate-finance/risk-analysis/ Barlow.J.F.,2006, Excel models for business and operations management, 2nd edition, John Wiley sons ltd, England Krichene,N,.2013, Islamic capital markets theory and practice,wiley finance, Singapore Reilly.F.K Brown.K.C,.2011,Investment analysis portfolio management,10th edition, South western Cengage learning, India Lumby,S Jones,C,.2007, Corporate finance theory practice, 7th edition, Thomson, London Ross, S, A,. Westerfield, R, W,. Jaffe, J,.2007, Corporate Finance, the McGraw-hill, India Lee.C.F Lee, A, C,.2006,Encyclopedia of finance, Springer science, new York Peterson, P,P Fabozzi,F,J,. 2002, Capital budgeting: theory and practice, John Wiley sons, Canada Ross,S,A,. Westerfield, R,W,. Jaffe,J,. Kakani,R,K,.2008, Corporate Finance, 8th edition, Tata McGraw hill education private limited, New Delhi, India Damodaran, A,.2011, Applied corporate finance,3rd edition, John Wiley sons, USA Moles, P.Parrino, R Kidwekk, D,.2011, Corporate finance, European edition, John Wiley sons, United Kingdom

Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis Essay Example

Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis Essay Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis: Design amp; Development of Integrated Communication Plan for Zara Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis Overview: Introduction Zara, the world’s biggest retail chain store of Inditex Group was founded by Amancio Ortega in Spain in the year 1975. The most profitable brand of Inditex is headquartered in La Coruna in Spain. The group has global presence in all the continents Asia, Europe, Australia, America and Africa. The business model of Zara is completely based upon the short deadlines, lesser quantities and an impressive range of options for style and clothes. Zara’s success depends upon two critical factors i. e. * Following the trend to be able to sell the garments at particular moment when people demand that kind of style and that too without any advertising. * Trusting the employees for designing the clothes and giving them the power to delegate. Event Analysis Brand Analysis The presence of Zara in 74 countries with a network of more than 1900 stores which are ideally located in all the major cities speaks about the strong brand presence of Zara across the globe. The 5 keys which make the Zara’s Business Model a success are: STORE: It acts as a meeting platform for the Zara fashion brand and the customer. New products are introduced twice a week. It has been found that at the topmost stores of Zara 17visits per year by every customer is done to checkout latest Zara brand clothings. TEAMS: The Zara teams have an extensive sales knowledge which is totally focused towards the customer. The friendly sales team of brand Zara creates a pleasant and customer friendly environment at Zara. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Marketing Case Study Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer CUSTOMER: The business Model of Zara brand is totally customer centric therefore customers play leading role in each and every aspect of Zara be it Production, Teams, Logistics or Store designs. DESIGN / PRODUCTION: The production and designing team of brand Zara is inspired by the stores which are directly connected to the customers. That is why Zara has the specialty of immediately reacting to the latest trends in fashion industry with the help of well managed and efficient team of 186 suppliers and 200 designers. LOGISTICS: All the clothing’s are designed with keeping in mind the maximum flexibility and it is mostly customer oriented. It hardly takes bare minimum time of 24 hours from receiving order to delivering the product to the store. Branding is unique technique or method of clearly highlighting the features of the product which makes the product or service different and, much more attractive than the competitors. It also reflects the customer’s experience of the business and has impact on every interaction business has with its customers and suppliers. Successful branding means promoting all the strengths the business has. Zara has strengths like: * Faster delivery of newer products * Effective Value chain Management * Latest Design and Trends Audience Analysis The target audience of Zara through this event would be fashionable consumer which is more educated, demanding and fashion savvy. This ‘New breed of shoppers’ is found to be loyal and loves freshness and variety. The fashionable consumers of Zara buy because of interest which gives them pleasure and enjoyment and is a meaning of self-expression. That is why their purchasing experiences are fantasy, fun, social or emotional gratifications which result in impulsive buying behavior. Involvement is another aspect of consumers as they attach some meaning to the clothes they buy because there is major role of fashion which is being played by fashion in their society. The main drivers which make them buy Zara clothing’s are projection of desired self-image and their individual motives as well. Personal, aesthetic and economic values guide their consumer behavior. The emotional factors which influence the consumer behavior are: * Short span of decision time. * Feeling of getting constrained * More impulsive buying * Desire to reward themselves. The retail environment could be best used for influencing their moods which results in impulsive buying. Impulsive buying behavior of the target audience is of following types: * Fashion Oriented * Strongly involved with the latest fashion trends, which helps in providing experiential or sensory cues through their fashion products. * Symbolic Interactions Impulsive buying also results due to symbolic interactions of the fashion products and due to emotional experiences of the consumers. * Thus it is very necessary to understand the impulsive buying behavior of the target audience reading the experiential perspective which helps in developing the guidance strategies. * Band Analysis * Now we need to find the right band which goes with Zara’s image. Moreover the chosen band or musician should go al ong with the brand image Zara carries, according to the target audience and should go along with the Breast cancer Cause too. Few shortlisted Bands and Musicians are listed below along with their key attributes: The main market segments which will be attending the Zara’s brand event organized for raising money for breast Cancer Research would be women and young well educated girls starting from the age group of 22 years onwards. This will also include housewives and plus size women. Even Zara would like all such consumers who are well aware of the cause of Breast Cancer to join the event and contribute towards the social cause. Mostly women and young girls would be attracted towards such kind of event because breast cancer is mostly found in women. After analyzing all the most famous rock bands and musicians Kylie Minogue seems to be the best artist for performing for the Breast Cancer Festival and the reason being she herself has fought breast cancer at very early age and she enjoys international pop stardom although she belongs to Australia, which goes along with Zara’s brand image too as it is Spanish company ruling the whole fashion industry worldwide. The best part is that Kylie being a woman can easily catch the fancy of the target audience who are also women for this Zara Event. Event Detail Other important details of the vent which would be organized can be easily followed from the table depicted below along with the reasoning why they should be made part of this festival: Sponsorship Activity Sponsorship works as a key for a strong and powerful marketing plan. Sponsorship is the in-kind support or any kind of financial assistance given to specific activity to reach specific business goals  (Freidman, 2012). Here in case of organizing Zara Festival the supported activity is Breast Cancer research and the business goal of Zara is to reach out to its target audience through this festival. Through this festival they want to raise money to support the cause of breast cancer. Potential ESB/ National Brand Sponsors Qantas airlines The airline is both domestic as well as international airline and Zara being an upmarket brand most of its audience travels by air. So Qantas can launch a scheme that they will give rebate on airline tickets to the audience who buy Zara outfits this way they will have mutual sales benefit. Mor4eover Qantas can donate say $5 per airline ticket bought by Zara customers to breast cancer research foundation. Qantas can contribute money for the event and can also sponsor the flight for Kylie too. MTV Since this is a musical event so sponsorship or partnership with MTV would be of great benefit for Zara as well the popularity of the music channel will also grow. They can do live telecast of the music eve and thus gaining TRP’s and get ahead of their competitors and this will prove to be good advertising for Zara as well. Tropicana Juice Manufactured by the PepsiCo would be also a good national brand sponsor because this way they can get good amount of sales during the vent and promote healthy drink which will keep the fitness freak audience healthy and smart. PepsiCo can contribute by sponsoring the event. This way they will also get brand recognition and whatever sales they make, they can donate some portion to Breast Cancer cause too. McDonalds Getting a national brand sponsor like McDonalds to sponsor the vent which sit eh topmost fast food chain Zara would be able to satisfy the appetite of the audience as well as can get good amount of money for the event sponsorship. Local Brand Sponsors The Melbourne based potential sponsors which have been selected and which match the cause, brand and event are listed below. CABRINI HOSPITAL, Malvern Cabrini Hospital located in Malvern, Australia can be potential local brand sponsor for the Zara Fashion Festival. The well-known breast surgeon which they have is Dr. Jennifer Senior; she performed the breast cancer surgery for Kylie Minogue too. The sponsorship will be mutually beneficial for both the parties because the audience for them is the same. This will help Zara in increasing their sales and attracting more women audience who will contribute to this noble cause and at the same time both Cabrini Hospital as well as Zara will create positive publicity along with enhancing their visibility too. Hair Dresser Brad Mullins and Makeup Artist Sarah Tammer Cutting edge hairdresser Brad Mullins will guide women regarding hair styling suiting their personality and give their hair complete makeover. AT the same time makeup artist Sarah tamer will also work upon giving a new dimension to the personality of the women using her bets makeup strokes. They will use latest styles and trends to give awe inspiring looks to the women and young audience’s This will be mutually beneficial as it will enhance the brand image of both Zara as well as the makeup artist and hair dresser. Moreover the sales will also enhance form the profitability point of view. Ripple Melbourne Massage Day Spa and Beauty Women are always attracted towards getting beautiful skin and always wanted to look beautiful so on the makeover day Ripple Melbourne’s beauty specialists will help in making women look beautiful and guide them about what can be done to stay and look smart and beautiful. This way both the beauty and Spa will be benefitted as well as the Zara Fashions will get enough brand visibility. National Breast Cancer Foundation They will educate the target audience about breast cancer, cause and how to fight them. And mutually Zara will also get benefitted as they will get brand differentiation by aligning with the cause of breast cancer. Whatever donation Zara will receive or it can also work upon giving away $1. Per Zara outfit sale to National Breast Cancer Foundation. Selling the Sponsorships The sponsorships would be sold by first arranging a meeting with their publicity manager. Then we will explain them how whether local brand sponsor or national brand sponsor will be benefitted by associating with Zara’s breast Cancer supporting Festival Campaign. The key benefits which the sponsors will derive by sponsoring this breast cancer suppor6ting event would be: * Shaping the attitude of consumers and enhancing the brand image as well as association with such good cause will develop a positive brand image in the minds of consumer and they will tend to buy such good products. Driving their sales efforts, especially in case of food and beverage sector sponsors will derive greater benefits  Ã‚  Ã‚   through bigger sales and sampling, thus PepsiCo and McDonald will get greater benefits if they sponsor this event. *   Helps in Creating Positive publicity and heightening the visibility of the company as well as the brand. The media will definitely cover this event thus t hrough print as well as electronic media they will get wider exposure. Enhance their product differentiation from competitors as the target audience will definitely carry positive image about the product which has a positive image being associated with a social cause like breast cancer. * Help in portraying the image of ‘Corporate Citizen’ role in good capacity. The sponsoring company will be viewed as good neighbor by target audience as the company will be seen as supporting community as well as economic development of society.   Sponsoring such event will definitely help in enhancing not just business but will also help in developing VIP relations and consumer relationships. Thus using the direct marketing efforts of the events like sending mailers and newsletter regarding the events which will carry or talk about the sponsorship partners of Zara Event will deftly give strong brand image and differentiation to the sponsoring companies. Promotional Efforts Zara follo ws a very unique advertising and promotional approach and spends much lesser than their competitors on advertising. Large scale advertising is being taken care of by Zara so we need to support this large scale advertising of event through Point-of-Purchase advertising, sales promotion techniques, support media and social networking opportunities Point-of-Purchase advertising It is the best and the most effective way of advertising and promotional graphics are being developed which help in influencing the consumer behavior when the consumer is making purchasing decision. POP helps in creating impact on the buying decision by turning it into the favor of specific brand or product in-store. Moreover the POP application fits well as signage to so many applications like shelf, floor, walls, and window and vehicle decals too. Like signage or boards for Zara festival events with all relevant information should be places in various areas of the Zara store as well as should be advertised at various public places like grocery stores, fast food outlets and traffic signals banners can be out. Even hospitals can also be targeted. Sales Promotion techniques The techniques adopted by manufacturer to buy more and enhance the sales of products are called sales promotion. It mainly uses short-term a nonrecurring techniques to increase sales. The sales promotion for this event can be done by advertising the free samples scheme like if the audience buys a ticket for Zara festival scheme they will get 25% discount on any Zara label they would buy. Premium or Bonus offers can also be given to the target audience like if they buy tickets for the Zara festival they will get a   premium t-shirt signed by Kylie Minogue   or they can get limited editing Kylie music CD. Social networking opportunities A contest on Facebook page of Zara can be started to advertise the event where in the contest winner will get free passes for the Zara festival event. A contest can be designed in way like the consumer needs o answer few questions related to breast cancer and if all of them are correct they will win free tickets for the event. Another contest can be the audience need to upload their image of black and white combination dress and the best dress designed will get a limited edition music CD signed by Kylie Minogue. Public Relations Efforts Finally we need to launch the public relation efforts in order to promote the event and support the cause of breast cancer amongst the target audience. For this we will design a proactive strategy to promote Zara as well as the Breast cancer research as well as reactive strategy will be developed which will be handling after analysis of potential problems which might arise during the course of the festival. Proactive Strategy The main aim of proactive strategy for Public relations for Zara Festival supporting breast Cancer research cause is to communicate the reason for organizing the event and to develop a communication plan which consists of how and when the plan will be communicated. Digital PR is the strongest PR medium which can be used for launching the event and informing and educating about the event. The Digital PR thrives on who we want to inform since it is mostly women and young ladies or rather the whole section of women so it would be better to place the advertisement about the event or create a twitter or Face book page which speaks all about the cause with which this event is associated. We can also create a video in which the CEO of the company and an advertisement linking the vent can be uploaded on YouTube. Another proactive strategy which could be beneficial is placing a full page ad in the women’s magazines say two to three months before the events can also be helpful in increasing the awareness about the cause as well as informing the target audience about the event. Same way a poster competition can be organized online through Facebook regarding breast cancer or designing just simple black and white clothing line and the best design will get a gift hamper from Zara and along with this contest the whole event information can be displayed inviting all the potential customers. Reactive Strategy The reactive approach towards public relations planning is to respond in passive manner to any event once the event has occurred. Many environmentalists might stand against this event as such a large event will definitely create large amounts of carbon footprints. So we need to prepare a strategy beforehand to handle such situation. Firstly we need to educate through a press release that we would be using ecofriendly paper all through the event, secondly the music would not be loud enough to create noise pollution and required permission from the authorities would be taken beforehand. Demonstrate all the efforts taken to reduce the carbon footprints by Zara as a company so that they are convinced that by organizing this event no harm would be done to the environment.

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview: Oklahoma Wesleyan has an acceptance rate of 73%, which is encouraging for interested studentsthose with solid grades and test scores have a good chance of being admitted. For complete instructions and information on applying, be sure to visit the schools website.  Ã‚   Admissions Data (2016): Oklahoma Wesleyan University Acceptance Rate: 73%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 410 / 510SAT Math: 420 / 590SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 18 / 23ACT English: 16 / 24ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers mean Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Description: Although its origins began much earlier, Oklahoma Wesleyan University truly came into existence in 2001after several mergers and re-namings. The school is located in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, which is about an hour north of Tulsa. The city has a population of around 35,000. Students can choose a major from five different schoolsBusiness, Arts and Sciences, Ministry and Christian Thought, Education, or Nursing. Popular majors within these colleges include Nursing, Business Administration/Economics, Psychology, Theological, and Religious Studies, and Exercise Science. Because of its affiliation with the Wesleyan Church, OKWU offers students ample opportunities to join religious clubs, service projects, and attend services throughout the week. Students have the chance to study abroadeither within the country (more off-campus study than abroad) or in different countries. OKWU is highly ranked, for financial aid, value, and teaching quality. On the athletic front, the OKWU Eagles compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) within the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference. Popular sports on campus include basketball, soccer, golf, and track field. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,467  (1,192 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female53% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $25,070Books: $900Room and Board: $8,136Other Expenses: $3,890Total Cost: $37,996 Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99%Loans: 82%Average Amount of AidGrants: $11,183Loans: $6,147 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Nursing, Business Marketing, Psychology, Business Economics, Theological Studies, Exercise Science, Biology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 60%4-Year Graduation Rate: 32%6-Year Graduation Rate: 44% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Soccer, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross Country, GolfWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Soccer, Softball, Cross Country, Volleyball, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Oklahoma Wesleyan University, You May Also Like These Schools: Oklahoma City UniversitySouthern Nazarene UniversityUniversity of TulsaOklahoma Panhandle State UniversityUniversity of Central OklahomaCameron UniversityLangston UniversityOklahoma State UniversityEast Central UniversityOral Roberts UniversityNortheastern State University   Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Mission Statement: mission statement from their website As an evangelical Christian university of The Wesleyan Church, Oklahoma Wesleyan University models a way of thought, a way of life, and a way of faith. It is a place of serious study, honest questions, and critical engagement, all in the context of a liberal arts community that honors the Primacy of Jesus Christ, the Priority of Scripture, the Pursuit of Truth, and the Practice of Wisdom.

Develop a strategy for the Wii's next product life cycle phase Research Paper

Develop a strategy for the Wii's next product life cycle phase - Research Paper Example The Wii was launched into a gaming market dominated by two major players, Sony’s PlayStation 3 and Microsoft’s Xbox 360. With two bid incumbents, Wii would have found it difficult to penetrate their market directly, thus it adopted a new strategy called â€Å"competing against non-consumption† (Scott Para 1). By doing this the Wii effectively positioned its product where the competitive forces were weakest (Porter 2). Scott (para 2) elaborates that whereas Sony and Microsoft were concentrated on differentiating their products in terms of providing cutting-edge game play to demanding customers, Wii focused on reaching new customers segments. Wii’s success and entry into the maturity phase can be supported by its global sales. A look at video games sales charts such as VGChartz.com shows the Wii taking the top 5 slots in weekly sales worldwide on the week ending June 25, 2011 (â€Å"Worldwide Weekly Chart, Week Ending 25th Jun 2011†). So is th e Wii now a BCG model cash cow? According to the BCG model, a cash cow is a product that is in a position of high market share in a mature market. However, from our analysis the Wii’s market growth strategy of competing against non-consumption manifested that the gaming market is yet to reach its maturity given that there are new consumer segments that can be developed.

Negative effect of popular culture on teenage girls Essay

Negative effect of popular culture on teenage girls - Essay Example The unprecedented advances in digital communication have redefined the communication landscape in many positive ways (Shay and Cynthia 23). However, this communication has given rise to emotionless individuals whose communication is akin to robots. For example in instant messaging, which is a popular form of communication among teenagers, emotions can only be shown by a combination of punctuation marks or icons called emoticons. An agent of popular culture, media has created images on the ideal appearance of ladies by selecting very beautiful news anchors and talk show hosts. Research has shown that the more exposure a girl has to media, the higher the chances that she will be dissatisfied with her body. Media portrays the ideal ladies as those who exhibit these characteristics: a thin body frame, flawless and with impeccable beauty. This has changed the perception of teenage girls on beauty and for this reason most of the girls strive to be thin and flawless so as to meet these unre alistic standards. In a study done in North America, most anorexic girls were between 15 years and 20 years and 60 percent of them expressed their fear of being fat. The statistics further showed that 13 percent of North American high school teenage girls eat one meal in 24 hours, 6 percent use weight loss pills while 30 percent of the students are dieting (Sharon and Norma 32). These statistics clearly manifest the effect of pop culture on the deteriorating health of teenage girls in America. In some extreme cases, girls who consider themselves fat have attempted suicide because they feel unworthy living in a world that depicts only thin girls as... Popular culture has greatly diluted the importance of values in the society. These values include: hard work, humility and respect. Through mainstream media, popular culture emphasizes on the need for money and flashy things over hard work (Hannah and Peg 35). Some genres of music praise crime by showing the amounts of money they derive from criminal activities. Video game vendors cash in on this premise by creating games in which players get awarded sums of money for committing crimes in the game. Teenage girls may lose interest in studies because they do not see the possibility of raking in huge sums of money from academic excellence. Moreover, the emphasis on how power is desirable may have negative implications on teenage girls. Everyone will desire to be the decision maker and this will diminish the importance of respect in the society. This situation is further compounded by parental control which is deemed as unreasonable by teenage girls. They may therefore resist directives and violate rules so as to feel powerful inconsiderate of the fact that such behavior is inconsistent with the moral convictions of the society. The effects of popular culture may be diverse with some being positive and others in the contrary. Through the essay, it is clear that the implications of popular culture on teenage girls in North America is largely negative. The precedents in our constitution advocate for freedom of expression. However, no type of legislation can shield us from the consequences resulting from irrational actions that are undertaken under the guise of freedom of expression. It would be erroneous to declare anyone the villain of negative popular culture.

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Example for Free

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are both contemporary philosophers who were made famous for their political philosophies especially on areas of government and the community. Although Hobbes was born forty one years ahead of Locke, both have agreed on certain ideas but remained in contrast with others. In this paper we will try to compare the main philosophies held by Hobbes and Locke, focusing on their opinions on government, community, leadership and the concept of social contract or covenant. This paper will also attempt to align the said philosophies in contemporary events particularly in the American life after September 11 attack. At the end of this paper, this author aims to establish the fact that Locke’s political philosophies are more practical, consistent and acceptable over that of Hobbes. Hobbes and Locke are particularly interested in human beings and how they interact with the world. Both believing in the existence of God, they both insist that human beings need a leader- a feature of human community that is a vital element of their survival. 1â€Å"Without a leader, the country would fall away into nothing†. They however differ on the type of leader that a community should have in order to survive. For Hobbes, there’s only one man that should rule or govern the people, and that is a king (Hobbes, Thomas 1994, p. 83). Hobbes maintains that it is only this king who should be given the authority and the responsibility to write laws, make decision and consequently of controlling the people. In order for people to survive, people are therefore compelled to obey the commands of the ruler, both in religious and government matters. Locke however believes the other way around. For John Locke, it is rather the people who should run the government and not the king. Consequently, Locke points to the idea that the responsibility of uniting and taking care of the needs of the whole community lies in the hands of the people and not on the sole control of one person. Unlike Hobbes, Locke somehow points to a democratic form of government wherein the people are given the right to participate in all affairs of the government including the responsibility of deciding what is best for the general public. Locke also suggests that the people should rather have to decide on who they wanted to rule over them. Moreover, since the power lies on the people, they have the right to overthrow a wicked ruler in the same way as they have decided to have him seated in the position (Locke, John 1997, p. 22). Because Hobbes maintains authoritarian form of government, he insists that 1â€Å"society could not exist except by the power of the state†. This is directly contrary to Locke’s view that man is inherently a social being and thus has the need and the ability to interact with others. Hobbes idea then simply would suggest that man is necessarily a creature that cannot decide for him nor does he has the ability to discern what is good and what is evil because he needs a ruler in order to establish a society. Moreover the statement suggests that man has to submit to an authority and after which all individual rights are gone and so man is compelled to obey. It is also important to note that Hobbes, in this aspect believes that man does not have the right to rebel against the ruler since the latter is assumed to be someone who does all things good and lawful. For Hobbes, the right thing for man to do is to shut up and obey and once this is done, anyone does not have the right to kill the obedient one. Because the state is the supreme ruler in the society, the ruler then is assumed to be wise enough to the point that all his affairs, his views and decisions are deemed just. Hobbes also assumes that 1â€Å"all of society is a direct creation of the state and a reflection of the will of the ruler†. Locke however has a better and more practical idea that is obviously been the basis of most governments, especially those that employ the democratic form of government. On the concept of social contract, Locke believes that by giving up our rights to â€Å"exact retribution for crimes†, we are in return given the right to just, impartial protection of our properties and out lives (Harris, Ian 1994). Relative to this, man still retain his rights to life and liberty. The state, according to Locke has only one role, and that is 1â€Å"to ensure that justice is seen to be done†. The ruler therefore is necessarily not the sole decision maker in the society, rather he is just an instrument appointed by the general public to serve justice and maintain peace. The government therefore, as peacemakers should not be involved in any form of injustice or any act that may disturb peace in the society. Otherwise, Locke believes that the people are given the right to kill or overthrow the ruler. Although Hobbes is in favor of the unlimited power of the state, he justified his point well by stating that the purpose of such unlimited power is to end all conflict and contention. Because he regarded people as creatures who are incapable of knowing what is good and evil, Hobbes believes that people have the tendency to freely live a material life which would result into conflict. Thus the avoid this, the state is given the sole and unlimited power over them. 1Both Hobbes and Locke believe that there is an implied contract between the state and the people as soon as a ruler is being placed in power. The difference however is that Locke regard that contract as something that impliedly sets the ruler as a judge over the affairs of the people while Hobbes set that contract as something that sets the ruler as a master of the people. Hobbes points out â€Å"all contracts are binding, even if entered into from fear of violence or pain of death† (Hobbes, 1994 p. 86). Hobbes does maintains that man does not have the ability to recognize good from evil because he believes that good and evil are established and defined by the will of the state (Hobbes, 1994 p. 28). This means that good and evil exist only because something or things are defined as such by the ruler. Hobbes then points to the idea that there exist no definite standard or basis for man to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong. As with the idea of property and its ownership, Hobbes believes that the state is the one defining the property of somebody. Because man cannot discern good from evil, human beings without the state or the ruler cannot live in peace. Hobbes further assumes that peace can only exist and reign in a society when its people subject themselves to one absolute and common master. From here Hobbes might be suggesting that it is impossible for the world to experience peace since the world does have different rulers. On the other hand, Locke believes that humans inherently has the capacity to discern what is good from evil and are therefore capable of knowing what is lawful and what is not. â€Å"Most importantly, they are capable of telling the difference between what is theirs and what belongs to someone else† (Locke, John 2002, p. 87). Locke however recognizes the fact that despite this inherent capacity and ability, humans act the other way around. In Locke’s view, the only norm should be peace and nothing else (Cox, R. H. 1960, p. 32). Unlike Hobbes, Locke believes that man has the capacity to live in peace by refraining from hurting other and from molesting or invading their properties. Since man has the inherent capacity to discern what is good from evil, it not therefore impossible for the world to achieve peace even with the existence of different rulers. All rulers of different countries in the world are human beings who are supposed to be mature and wise enough to know what is best for their people. Because most of these rulers are elected by the people, then it is likely that it is the general preference of the people that dominates the government affairs. I also agree with Locke that when the ruler placed by the people on the seat of power abused his political powers, then the people have all the right to overthrow him and replace with somebody deserving. In the contemporary world, Hobbes and Locke’s political theories can still be relevant especially that these have, in bulk, something to do with rights and liberties of the people and the role of the government on managing the lives of its people. After the September 11 attack, the American government has been very vigilant and has somehow gone beyond the normal process of ensuring the security of the Americans. Such security measures are so rigid and strict to the point that the freedom-loving Americans thought there are losing much of their liberties. The government in defense ensures the public that such implementation of security measures plainly for national security. As for me, such measures are preferred because my security, that of my family and all Americans is of higher importance than my liberties. Let us remember that the role of the state is to ensure that justice is being served at all times, as Locke maintains. Part of serving justice is for the state to implement measures that see to it that nobody in its jurisdiction is being oppressed or hurt. To set up surveillance cameras, place military men in public places, have everyone’s baggage inspected in airports, hotels or malls are part of security measures and I do not see anything that suggests these things to be invading anyone’s liberties. Besides what is liberty if we will all die under crumbles of another attack? The President has been elected by the people and it is assumed that his rule has the consent of the majority. The American people are wise enough to discern who the best person at the Presidential seat is. By casting our votes, we are entrusting our security and the general condition of the American people in the hands on the person we voted upon. To entrust our security to the elected President does not mean we are being robots who have nothing more to do but to shut up and obey as what Hobbes suggest. To have security measures implemented in public places does not at all violate our liberties and thus we do not need to regain them. I believe that the American government still acts within the limits of justice and that I still regard all measures to be actions wherein human security rather than vengeance is of higher priority. I believe that the American government has not yet failed with its task of protecting its people so we as citizens do not have yet the right to rebel or withdraw our support. Let us remember that failure to take its primary responsibility is the only requisite Locke has provided in order for the people to have reasons to rebel. We still have our full liberties with us and security measures are implemented in order to regain one thing we have lost in the 911 attack: justice. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cox, R. H. Locke on War and Peace. OUP: Oxford, 1960. Harris, Ian. The Mind of John Locke. CUP: Cambridge, 1994. An excellent contextual analysis of the political and religious mindset of Locke’s Britain. Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan. Ed. Edwin Curley. Indianapolis: Hacket. 1994. Locke, John. â€Å"Essay on the Law of Nature. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002. 1Locke versus Hobbes. 24 November 2007. http://www. jim. com/hobbes. htm Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Peter Laslett. CUP: Cambridge, 1997. Locke, John. â€Å"Two Tracts on Government. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002.

Controversy About Vaccinations Against Infectious Diseases Essay

Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases Vaccines are one of the most controversial topics in modern medicine and will continue to attract more attention in the years ahead. Most new parents dutifully take their babies to their doctor to be vaccinated, at the prescribed times. However, over the last few decades, there have been several scares concerning vaccinations, and the possible side effects of them. Some parents have refused to have their child vaccinated because of some of these scares, and the truth is, they have been blown out of proportion by the press and it can be very confusing for the general public. In order to balance this extraordinary influence, parents will need to make a well informed decision about vaccines for their children. It is, of course, very important that before anybody embarks on a course of vaccinations, they should know both the benefits and the risks associated with them. Therefore, in order to begin thinking about whether vaccinations should be compulsory for all children, there are some issues to be addressed. Some parents may feel it unsafe to put chemicals into such young children; especially if there have been uncertainties about particular vaccines. An example of this is the DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus) vaccine. Infants are meant to receive at 2/3/4 months. However, there are several side effects that parents fear, although very unlike to occur, they are very drastic and have stopped parents have letting their children have the vaccine. People have also been unsure about the effectiveness of the diphtheria vaccine, infact when the vaccine was once compulsory; there was a 17... ...errible diseases that could harm them, and since the vaccines have been introduced, there have been lower death rates in children. There may be some side effects to some of the vaccinations, but it is not worth risking not vaccinating them. It is unsafe to assume that herd immunity will wipe out the risk of catching the disease as so many parents today are not having their child vaccinated. I feel that it is a good idea that under most circumstances, vaccination against infectious diseases should be made compulsory for all children. In a situation when a child is more likely to react very badly to a particular vaccine, alternative methods could be used. But I feel it important that children of today are all immunised so that, in the future, hopefully, such diseases would not be a threat to the children of tomorrow.

Nuclear Weapons should be Extirpate Essay

Nuclear weapons are considered serious threats to the human race and have made the world an insecure residence for living organisms. Nuclear weapons are destructive weapons that obtain its force from nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reaction. Both are theses producers are very harmful for the living organism. Nuclear weapons were first conducted in world war2 on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan. It killed approximately 70,000 died immediately from the explosion and another 70,000 died from radiation within five years. The killing included the women and children. All nuclear weapons must be abolished around the world for making world secure, and save budget money. The entire world will be more secure if the planet will free of the nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons are the only type of weapons in existence that have the capacity to annihilate the human species and countless other species. The reactions of the nuclear weapons live alive after many years of it’s used. The best example is Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan. The nuclear bomb was used on these cities during the world war2, but Nagasaki and Hiroshima are still suffering with the reaction of nuclear bomb. Japanese cannot grow any crop in Nagasaki and Hiroshima because the fusion reaction of nuclear bomb is still alive. Without abolition, there is always the danger that nuclear weapons will proliferate, that more and more countries will obtain them. The existence of nuclear weapons leaves open possibility that a nuclear exchange might take place. The nuclear weapons are extra ordinary costly, and the costs continue into the indefinite future. Billions of dollars are wasted each year to pay for nuclear weapons. The cost of research, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance of the nuclear program is very high. Even it becomes higher, when we include the costs of damage to the land, illness of uranium miners,  cancer deaths from nuclear pollution, and the storage of nuclear wastage. Since early 1940s the U.S. alone has spent $4 trillion on nuclear arms. If current policies are implemented, the U.S. will continue to spend some $25-30 billion on nuclear forces. What is the more important education or nuclear bombs that can kill the human? Today, Congress and Administration are watching government spending, shrinking and eliminating programs and taking measures to reduce the deficit. Despite this, the central feature of national security spending for the past fifty years, nuclear weapons, has been rarely touched. Possession of nuclear weapon does not mean that the country is powerful. Many developed countries such as, Australia, Germany, and Spain do not have nuclear bomb. Some countries have already given up nuclear weapons, showing that it is possible for a nation to be secure without nuclear bomb. Three former Soviet republics, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, became nuclear weapons free states by volunteering transferring their nuclear warheads to Russia after the breakup of the Soviet Union. South Africa actually developed a small nuclear arsenal clandestinely, and then dismantled it. Argentina and Brazil have also eliminated their nuclear weapons programs even though they achieved initial success in these programs. These countries give a massage to the nuclear powers that you can succeed without nuclear bomb. In summary, the above analysis shows that nuclear weapons are weapons of great destruction. Our government wastes over thirty- three billion dollars a year of our tax money. Furthermore, nuclear weapons pose serious health risk to those around them, including the citizen. There has not been a significant impact on world affairs by nuclear weapons since world war2. Having a nuclear bomb does not guarantee the better life of the citizen, and development of the country. For these reasons, the nuclear weapons should be banned in entire world.

The Goa Honeymoon Tour Why This Trip - 763 Words

Adoring Goa Honeymoon Tour Why this trip? In the Goa honeymoon package for 5 days, couples are treated exclusively to enjoy moments in stunningly excellent environment. Relish delectable Goan food, calming stay, and interesting sightseeing opportunities in North Goa and South Goa. Both the areas house ancient structures, sacred places, rich greenery, and delightful beaches. Invest some time in detachment, while wandering on these spots with your beloved. Itinerary Day 1 :Welcome to Goa Arrival at Goa. Arrival Greet and Meet by our tour representative. Transfer to the resort. Check in with the resort. Spend the first day of your romantic trip at leisure, watch mesmeric sunset, have long walks in the nearby area and beaches. Enjoy some shopping at nearby flea markets. Overnight stay at Resort. Day 2 : North Goa sightseeing Appreciate delicious breakfast at the lodging before starting your day of going by principle attractions of North Goa. Kickstart the touring spree with the chronicled Aguada Fort. Remaining on a ridge, the post was built in 1612 and was the most prized and important stronghold to the Portuguese. It was named Aguada that implies water in Portuguese. The nearness of three freshwater springs inside legitimize this name. A 4 story Portuguese beacon remains inside, which is the most seasoned of its kind in Asia. Proceed to a Calangute Beach visit. The biggest in North Goa, this beach is biggest beach for vacationers due to exciting activities it offers.