English poetry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2909 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 1st Assignment for Grade 11/12 English POETRY Please read over all three poems below several times. Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all And sweetest in the Gale is heard And sore must be the storm That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm Ive heard it in the chillest land And on the strangest Sea Yet, never, in Extremity, It asked a crumb of Me. 2 Mirror by Sylvia Plath I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. What ever you see I swallow immediately Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. I am not cruel, only truthful The eye of a little god, four-cornered. Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers. Faces and darkness separate us over and over. Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me, Searching my reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon. I see her back, and reflect it faithfully. She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I sha ll be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and II took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. ASSIGNMENT After reading through all three poems several times, choose one you feel best able to create a personal response and analysis for. The personal response should include a discussion of what the poem seems to be about, what you feel the poet’s message is, what ways the poet conveys this message such as style and technique and how the poem makes you feel. Next, please analyze this chosen poem for the literary feature of motif. A motif is a recurring theme, idea, symbol or other literary feature within a given piece of literature. It is important to know that there is rarely only one right answer and so how you support your own interpretation is of upmost importance. Support would therefore include direct evidence from the poem itself. Do not worry if you feel you don’t understand any of these poems at all – try your absolute best with one of them to type approximately one full page. 2nd Assignment English 11/12 Unit: The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien 1. Please read the background information below for the novel and then follow the assignment instructions at the end of the text. The Things They Carried by Tim O’ Brien The author Tim O’Brien is not unlike the character called â€Å"Tim† that he created for his novel, The Things They Carried, as both author and character carry the stories of similarly experienced lives. O’Brien not only shares the same name as his protagonist but also a similar biographical background. Readers should note and remember that although the actual and fictional O’Briens have some experiences in common, The Things They Carried is a work of fiction and not a non-fiction autobiography. This distinction is key and central to understanding the novel. The Early Years Like â€Å"O’Brie n,† Tim O’Brien, born William Timothy O’Brien, Jr. , spent his early life first in Austin, Minnesota, and later in Worthington, Minnesota, a small, insulated community near the borders of Iowa and South Dakota. The first of three 4 children, O’Brien was born on October 1, 1946, at the beginning of the post- World War II baby boom era. His childhood was an American childhood. O’Brien’s hometown is small-town, Midwestern America, a town that once billed itself as â€Å"the turkey capital of the world,† exactly the sort of odd and telling detail that appears in O’Brien’s work. Worthington had a large influence on O’Brien’s imagination and early development as an author: O’Brien describes himself as an avid reader when he was a child. And like his other main childhood interest, magic tricks, books were a form of bending reality and escaping it. O’Brien’s parents were reading enthusiasts, his father on the local library board and his mother a second grade teacher. O’Brien’s childhood is much like that of his characters—marked by an all- American kid-ness, summers spent on little league baseball teams and, later, on jobs and meeting girls. Eventually, the national quiescence and ontentment of the 1950s gave way to the political awareness and turbulence of the 1960s, and as the all-American baby boom generation reached the end of adolescence, they faced the reality of military engagement in Vietnam and a growing divisiveness over war at home. Education and Vietnam O’Brien was drafted for military service in 1968, two weeks after completing his undergraduate degree at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he had enrolled in 1964. He earned a bachelor’s degree in government and politics. An excellent student, O’Brien looked forward to attending graduate school and studying political science. During the course of his college career, O’Brien came to oppose the war, not as a radical activist but as a campaign supporter and volunteer of Eugene McCarthy, a candidate in the 1968 presidential election who was openly against the Vietnam War. In 1968, the war in Vietnam reached its bloodiest point in terms of American casualties, and the government relied on conscription to recruit more soldiers. Further, graduate school deferments, which exempted students from the draft, were beginning to be discontinued, though O’Brien did not seek out this recourse. Disappointed and worried, O’Brien—like his character â€Å"Tim O’Brien†Ã¢â‚¬â€ spent the summer after his graduation working in a meatpacking plant. Unlike his character, however, O’Brien passed his nights pouring out his anxiety and grief onto the typewritten page. He believes it was this experience that sowed the seeds for his later writing career: â€Å"I went to my room in the basement and started pounding the typewriter. I did it all summer. My conscience kept telling me not to go, but my whole upbringing told me I had to. † O’Brien hated the war and thought it was wrong, and he often thought about fleeing to Canada. Unlike his fictional alter ego, however, he did not attempt it. 5 Instead, O’Brien yielded to what he has described as a pressure from his community to let go of his convictions against the war and to participate—not only because he had to but also because it was his patriotic duty, a sentiment that he had learned from his community and parents who met in the Navy during World War II. â€Å"It’s not Worthington I object to, it’s the kind of place it is,† O’Brien told an interviewer. â€Å"The not knowing anything and not tolerating any dissent, that’s what gets to me. These people sent me to Vietnam, and they didn’t know the first thing about it. † O’Brien ultimately answer ed the call of the draft on August 14, 1968 and was sent to Army basic training at Fort Lewis, Washington. He was later assigned to advanced individual training and soon found himself in Vietnam, assigned to Firebase LZ Gator, south of Chu Lai. (The appendix of this book includes a map of Vietnam, including areas referred to in the novel. ) O’Brien served a 13-month tour in-country from 1969 to 1970 with Alpha Company, the Fifth Battalion of the 46th Infantry, 198th Infantry Brigade, American Division. He was a regular foot soldier, or, as commonly referred to in veterans’ slang, a â€Å"grunt,† serving in such roles as rifleman and radio telephone operator (RTO). He was wounded twice while in service and was relatively safe during the final months of his tour when he was assigned to jobs in the rear. O’Brien ultimately rose to the rank of sergeant. After returning from his tour in March 1970, O’Brien resumed his schooling and began graduate wor k in government and political science at Harvard University, where he stayed for nearly five years but did not complete a dissertation. The Things They Carried: A brief summary Called both a novel and a collection of interrelated short stories, Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is a unique and challenging book that emerges from a complex variety of literary traditions. O’Brien presents to his readers both a war memoir and a writer’s autobiography, and complicates this presentation by creating a fictional protagonist who shares his name. To fully comprehend and appreciate the novel, particularly the passages that gloss the nature of writing and storytelling, it is important to remember that the work is fictional rather than a conventional non-fiction, historical account. Protagonist â€Å"Tim O’Brien† is a middle-aged writer and Vietnam War veteran. The primary action of the novel is â€Å"O’Brien’s† remembering the past and working and reworking the details of these memories of his service in Vietnam into meaning. Through a series of linked semi-autobiographical stories, â€Å"O’Brien† illuminates the characters of the men with whom he served and draws meaning about the war from meditations on their relationships. He describes Lt. Jimmy Cross as an inexperienced and ill-equipped leader of Alpha Company, both in-country and at a post-war reunion. Years after the war, the two spent an afternoon together remembering their friends and those who were killed. 6 In the introductory vignette, O’Brien describes each of the major characters by describing what they carry, from physical items such as canteens and grenades and lice to the emotions of fear and love that they carry. After the first chapter, the narrator is identified as â€Å"Tim O’Brien,† a middle-aged writer and veteran. â€Å"O’Brien† relates personal stories, among them a story tha t he had never divulged before about how he planned to flee to Canada to avoid the draft. O’Brien,† who spent the summer before he had to report to the Army working in a meatpacking factory, left work early one day and drove toward Canada, stopping at a fishing lodge to rest and devise a plan. He is taken in by the lodge owner, who helps him confront the issue of evading the draft by taking him out on the lake that borders Canada. Ultimately, â€Å"O’Brien† yields to what he perceives as societal pressures to conform to notions of duty, courage, and obligation, and he returns home instead of continuing on to Canada. Through the telling of this story, â€Å"O’Brien† confesses what he considers a failure of his convictions: He was a coward because he went to participate in a war in which he did not believe. As a writer, O’Brien constantly analyzes and comments upon how stories are told and why they are told. For example, he tells the story of Curt Lemon’s death and proceeds to analyze and explain why it holds an element of truth. Ultimately, he surmises, â€Å"truth in a story is not necessarily due to ‘factual’ accuracy. Instead, if the story affects the reader or listener in a personal and meaningful way, then that emotion is the truth of the story. O’Brien tests these ideas by relating the stories that others told in Vietnam, like the story of a soldier who brought his girlfriend to Vietnam and grows more and more terrified as she becomes fascinated by the war and ultimately never returns home. The soldiers who hear the story doubt its truth, but are drawn into the story nonetheless, showing that factual accuracy is less important to truth than emotional involvement. The recurring memory of the novel that O’Brien recalls as a sort of coda,or repeated image, is the death of his friend and fellow soldier, Kiowa. Kiowa was a soft-spoken Native American with whom â€Å"Oâ₠¬â„¢Brien† made a strong connection. The scene of Kiowa’s death in a battlefield becomes the basis for several of the novel’s vignettes: â€Å"Speaking of Courage,† â€Å"In the Field,† â€Å"Field Trip,† and â€Å"Notes. † In each of these, O’Brien recalls snippets of memory and builds an indictment against the wastefulness of the war. In â€Å"Speaking of Courage,† the fictional â€Å"O’Brien† presents a story that he wrote about a Vietnam comrade named Norman Bowker. O’Brien† describes Bowker’s difficulty adjusting to civilian life after he returns from Vietnam as he recalls his own ease slipping back into the routine of daily life, which for him was graduate school. In the end, in â€Å"Notes,† â€Å"O’Brien† describes how Bowker suggested that he (â€Å"O’Brien†) write a story about a veteran with problems readjusting and intense feelings of survivo r guilt. â€Å"O’Brien† realizes that he must not have put the memories of Vietnam behind him because he constantly writes about them. Finally, â€Å"O’Brien† remembers a girl from his childhood who died from cancer, the first dead body he saw before being in-country. He describes how as a little boy, 7 â€Å"Timmy,† he could dream her alive and see and talk to her. He recognizes the similarity of his ability to animate her in his mind and his writing about Vietnam. Contextual Background : The Vietnam War The Vietnam War was also known as the second Indo China war and was fought in Vietnam between 1959 and 1975. It involved the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation front in conflict with United States forces and the South Vietnamese army. The first Indo China war took place between 1946 and 1954, when the Vietnamese struggled for independence from France. At the end of this war the country was temporarily divided into North and South V ietnam. North Vietnam came under the control of the Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and wanted Vietnam under communist rule. The south was controlled by non-Communist Vietnamese. The United States became involved in Vietnam because American policy makers believed that if the entire country fell under Communist rule, Communism would spread throughout South East Asia. Therefore, the United States helped create the anti- Communist South Vietnamese government. In 1965 The US sent troops to stop the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. However, the US failed in its goal and in 1976 it became the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. During the war, approximately 3. 2 million Vietnamese were killed as well as another 1. 5 million Lao and Cambodians. Nearly 58,000 Americans lost their lives. The Troops The first combat troops were mainly volunteers. However, the escalation of the war meant that more draftees were needed. In 1965 about 20,000 men per month were inducted int o the military. In 1968 this number had doubled. The average age of these conscripts was 19. Those conscripted were mostly from the poorer sections of US society. They did not have access to the exemptions available to upper and middle class youths. By 1968 it was apparent that the draft system was discriminatory and unfair. Costs of the War †¢ The US spent $ 130 billion directly and the same again in indirect costs ( e. g. war widow and veteran benefits) †¢ Serious inflation in the U. S meant an increase in the cost of living †¢ 58,000 lost their lives †¢ 300,000 wounded – half of them seriously †¢ Many veterans suffered post traumatic stress disorder – 20,000 committed suicide and many suffered anxiety and depression 8 Effects in Vietnam 10% of all bombs failed to explode and continued to kill and maim long after the war ended †¢ defoliants destroyed 15% of timber resources and led to a serious decline in rice and fish production â₠¬â€œ main sources of food in Vietnam †¢ 800,000 orphans created in South Vietnam alone †¢ 1. 3 million people left the country †¢ Normal trade relations between Vietnam and the US were finally completed in 2001. Information taken from enotes, yahoo! education and various history documents. 2. Now read the first chapter from the novel The Things They Carried. †¢ Comment on O’Brien’s writing style. List exactly what the different soldiers carried with them. †¢ Consider the double entendre (double meaning) of the title. Explain what the double meaning might be based on the background information and the chapter you have just read. Discuss why the soldiers carry these things? †¢ Discuss what you think of the novel so far. This written work should be approximately two typed pages and support is necessary for your thoughts/ideas. Remember to draw directly from the background information and novel for your support. Feel free to continue reading i f you would like to. See you soon, Mr. White and Ms. Halverson Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "English poetry" essay for you Create order

A Study On State Bank Of India - 2028 Words

Chapter 6 FINDINGS OF THE REPORT The following are the major findings of the report: 1. It is evident from personal observation and also from the analysis of 5.1,5.2,5.3 and5.4 that: †¢ Almost 95% of the people in Guwahati have their accounts in State Bank of India. This is because everyone has the stereotype that State Bank of India is the best amongst all the banks. †¢ The younger generation people are comfortable in banking with the privatized banks while the elder generation seems to be comfortable with the nationalized banks. †¢ Now a days, it is found that customers are willing to have their accounts in multiple banks rather than having it in one bank. †¢ When asked about the people about which sector they would prefer banking with,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Also other services like statement enquiry, insurance services, mobile and internet banking etc. are also gaining importance day by day and these have to be looked by the banks seriously. 2. It is evident from personal observation and also from the analysis of 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.5.5 and 5.5.6 that: †¢ The various facilities provided by the banks like availability of information brochures, ATM machines in convenient locations, no long line ups at counters etc. are very important now a days to gain customer satisfaction regarding the banks they are banking with. Also the customers like a pleasant and attractive dà ©cor within the banks so that they can feel relax while doing their important work with the banks. 3. It is evident from personal observation and also from the analysis of 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5 ,5.6.6 and 5.6.7 that: †¢ The manner, appearance, efficiency, professionalism and knowledge of the staffs of the bank also play an important role in driving customers to their respective banks. The reason is that if the staffs are not able to handle the queries or problems of the staffs then the customers are not tempted to do banking with a particular bank. This may be either with a nationalized or a privatized bank. 4. From personal observation and also from the analysis of 5.7, 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 5.8.3, 5.8.4, we can find that: †¢ Statements that the bank provides are

Recruitment Process in Transnational Corporations †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment Process in Transnational Corporations. Answer: Introduction: Airline industries are one of the fast rising companies and the growth of the airlines industries has brought forward a lot of beneficial surprises for the society in general. First and foremost the airlines industry contributes a significant chunk to the growing economy; the business research analysts have deemed airlines industry to be the fastest growing industries in the world. According to the recent statistics the aviation industry contributes roughly 3.5% of the annual gross domestic product of the world which can be calculated approximately to 2.7 trillion dollars; hence the importance o the airlines industry is paramount to the economy. However, like any other corporate sector, an industry can perform well only when it has an efficient employee base (Yang Xinde, 2014). In order to have an employee base that is efficient, skilled, loyal and proactive, the recruitment pattern should be equally efficient and robust as well. And for that purpose an industry needs a qualified and efficient HR manager, who will have the required charisma, foresight and persuasiveness that will not only allow him or her to choose the best personnel for different designations, but will also allow him or her to manage the employees performance and behaviour in the organization as well. Now a the whole concept of sustainability of an organization depends on the performance quality and productivity of its employees depends relies on the capability of the HR manager to maintain optimal organizational culture and employee selection and their management, the importance of a HR manager is supreme for an organization to retain smooth sailing success (Wirtz Heracleous, 2016). This assignment will explore the necessary recruitment strategies for a HR manager taking the context of a viation industry, the airlines chosen for illustration is Singapore airlines. Singapore airlines are the basic flag carrier in the island country, and together with its subsidiaries it performs the majority of the passenger and the cargo air transportation, terminal services, engineering services and many more. This airline company operates in the entire eastern Asia and the employee strength of the company is about 30088 staffs according to the recent statistics shared by the organization. The annual revenue generation by the company is 15975.5 million dollars which is quite commendable considering the current status of economy. The mission statement of the airlines is centred on the basic goal to provide air transportation services with optimal quality and safety to the people all the while maximising the revenuer returns to safeguard the best interests of all the stakeholders involved. Elaborating more on the nature of business process, the very first principle followed in the organization is the clarity and commitment to the customers. They provide an inte gral and interactive communication system with their customers to ensure that best service support is provided to the customers. Furthermore, for better career growth of the employees, the airline company also regularly engages in continuous training and career development programs in order to entertain the skill enhancement for the employees (Singaporeair.com., 2017). There are a number of innovative business process management techniques employed to entertain more customer satisfaction like in-flight free resources, individual video screens, gaming devices and other in-flight entertainment devices. Lastly it has to be mentioned that the company also engages in a robust and periodic rewards and recognition program that helps in boosting staff loyalty as well. Hence, it cannot be ignored that the company engages in a vast variety of different activities and programs in order to boost the brand reputation and these business process management activities can only be organized effectiv ely by the means of a highly efficient middle management team, the position of HR manager selected plays pivotal role in this (Singaporeair.com., 2017). Job analysis and job design: The designation of a HR manager can be defined as a link between the employees and the management hierarchy of the organization, a personnel who is entrusted with two basic functions within the organization, the first is to overlook the entire business process functions in teh organization, and secondly, overall employee management. Now it has to be understood in this context that these job responsibilities entertain elements from a variety of different HR management disciplines, like compensation benefits, employee training and improvement, employee relation improvement, recruitment, selection and retention. First and foremost, an important role of an HR manager is to devise and negotiate strategic compensation plans and co-align them with adequate performance management and the compensation structure of the airline company. As mentioned above, an HR manager does not only recruit employees; rather the entire performance management and development comes under their job responsibiliti es. Hence, an HR manager will have to arrange and manage orientation programs, professional and personal development programs, leadership seminars to ensure that the needs and requirements of the company and its staff is addressed at all costs (?lusarczyk Golnik, 2014). Moreover, an HR manager is the professional personnel is entrusted with the responsibility of both maintaining and fortifying the employee-employer relationship in the organization by crafting an efficient employee relation management strategy, that will incorporate all the steps to ensure that the best interests of the employees are met and the grievances of the employees are regularly communicated and heard to. Lastly, the most instrumental responsibility of the HR manager is to perform adequate recruitment for the employees in order to meet the workforce demand of the airline company and follow the present labour market trends. Hence, HR manager will be responsible for he over all decision making procedure that i nvolves corporate branding for recruitment and the recruitment procedure itself (Swider, Zimmerman Barrick, 2014). Now considering the core competencies required in a HR manager include excellent communication skills, decision making capabilities, persuasive and motivation skills, and critical management competencies. It has to be mentioned in this context, that the performance quality, efficiency of the staff and workplace ergonomics are key principles of the job role for an Airline company HR manager. There are a number of different risks associated with aviation industry, fuel management, spilling, hydraulics management, adequate cleaning and in-flight safety procedures, all fall under the final supervision and discretion of a HR manager. Hence, key risk management skills are also required; lastly as a HR management is a sector associated with managing the behaviour and performance of people, the mental capacity of conflict management and stress tolerance is also a prerequisite for a HR manager. Hence, the recruitment for HR manager needs to be very strategic and cautious (Sengupta Sengupta, 2014). Recruitment strategies: The recruitment strategy can be defined as the carefully planned and organized set of steps that define the actions to be taken in order to hold a recruitment program for a particular profession. This strategy will incorporate a detailed organization for ewach and every step before and during a recruitment procedure. It will incorporate the planning for job advertisement, interviewing criteria, basic requirements, interviewer panel selection and management of the entire procedure. Now recruiting a new HR manager can be a tricky sector, for an airline industry it is even more complicated to decide on the recruitment criteria to opt for in order, and it is mandatory for the recruitment procedure to take into account all the external and internal factors associated all the while keeping the recruitment procedure as inclusive and diversified as possible (Schreiweis et al., 2014). The first and foremost strategy while planning a recruitment program is proper job role advertisements, it has to be understood that HRM is a crucial position for any corporate4 industry and for a dynamic industry like aviation, it is even more critical. The job advertisements method that is generally followed in the most business sectors is online media publication. The strategy for job advertisements must attract the attention of the public in the maximal level, hence the job advertisement strategy must incorporate all the popular online media interfaces, and the job description or job roles must be described with clarity and charismatic style to ensure more and more individuals are attracted to the position (Sarinah, Gultom Thabah, 2017). As the role of an HR manager is a very critical domain and the entire recruitment procedure for the airline company might suffer due to a wrong recruitment, which will eventually lead to weakening employee strength and overall business process management, there should not be any risks taken while recruiting for an HR manager. Singapore airlines can opt for the strategy incorporating employment or headhunting agencies. These agencies in most cases have the most qualified personnel and will be able to provide the best personnel for the post. The recruitment procedure is incomplete with a strong and efficient recruitment board or interview panel. Hence the next strategy for the airline company will be to put together a group of most qualified higher management personnel for the airline company to carry out the interview and selection procedure. The panel may incorporate managing directors, business process manager, employee relation manger, business process analyst and event the vice chairman of company (Kahungu, 2017). Lastly care should be taken to screen the recruitment procedure so that only deserving and adequately qualified personnel are given the opportunity to appear for the designation and to ensure that the recruitment criteria are maintained at all costs. Selection strategies: The concept of recruitment strategy and selection strategy might seem equivalent superficially; however there is a significant difference in between the both. A recruitment strategy is designed and implemented while conducting a recruitment program, however, a selection strategy decides which candidate will selected for the designation and based on what factors will the selection procedure will be completed. Hence, a selection strategy is equally mandatory for a company to have and here should be enough attention invested in designing a selection strategy (Kahungu, 2017). Now human resource selection techniques of a particular company may vary greatly, and it depends absolutely on the staffing needs and characters of the company concerned and the designation for which the selection procedure is being carried out (Broughton et al., 2013). The first strategy in case of selecting an HR employee should begin with preliminary screening, and in this round the selecting criteria must be based on the core competencies of a HR manager. In the second section, the selection strategy may include a written test that will judge the basic idea of the candidates about the job roles and requirements of a airline company HR manager and it may incorporate the intricate key requirements of an HR manager in a day to day activity in the airline industry (Kahungu, 2017). In the third strategy the actual interview session with the qualifying candidates may take place. In this step care should be taken to question the candidates with the most relevant knowledge regarding business process management and employee relation management in the airlines industry along with their ambition and aim in the airline industry (Griepentrog et al., 2012). The fourth selection strategy that the company can opt for is cultural fit selection, in this step the capability of the candidate to fit into the organizational culture of the company should be explored. It can be carried out by the means of a in-person questioning session, or it can be carried out by the means of hypothetical role playing activities where the candidates recruitment skills or conflict resolution skills are tested, and based on the performance of the candidate in the session the best deserving candidate should be selected for the HR manager position (Hawranik Pangman, 2016). Conclusion: It has to be understood that recruitment policies and procedures have a pivotal role in defining the performance standards that the corporate organization will be able to achieve. And as the employee recruitment, retention and overall management of employees depends on the competencies of an HR manager, any mistake in the hiring procedure for HR manager itself can lead to severely detrimental consequences for the organization. The recruitment and selection strategies discussed in the assignment has attempted to consider and include all the important aspects of the day to day job responsibilities of the HR manager and it can be hoped that these strategies can serve as efficient tools for recruiting an HR manager for Singapore airlines or any other relevant corporate organization. References: Broughton, A., Foley, B., Ledermaier, S., Cox, A. (2013). The use of social media in the recruitment process.Institute for Employment Studies, Brighton. Deeba, S. (2014). EmployeeS Satisfaction From Human Resource Management Practices In Airlines Industry In India: A Comparative Study Of Air India And Jet Airways.International Journal in Management and Socail Science,2(04), 1-21. Dhamija, P. (2012). E-recruitment: a roadmap towards e-human resource management.Researchers World,3(3), 33. Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015).Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Griepentrog, B. K., Harold, C. M., Holtz, B. C., Klimoski, R. J., Marsh, S. M. (2012). Integrating social identity and the theory of planned behavior: Predicting withdrawal from an organizational recruitment process.Personnel Psychology,65(4), 723-753. Hawranik, P., Pangman, V. (2016). Recruitment of community-dwelling older adults for nursing research: A challenging process.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(4). Hossain, M. (2014). Employee perception about the recruitment and selection process of ACME group of industries Ltd. Kahungu, L. (2017). Human Resources Management Strategies. Personnel Management. Sarinah, S., Gultom, R. S., Thabah, A. A. (2017). The Effect of Recruitment and Employee Selection on Employee Placement and Its Impacts Towards Employee Performance at PT Sriwijaya Air.JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI LOGISTIK,3(1), 101-110. Schreiweis, B., Trinczek, B., Kpcke, F., Leusch, T., Majeed, R. W., Wenk, J., ... Prokosch, H. U. (2014). Comparison of electronic health record system functionalities to support the patient recruitment process in clinical trials.International journal of medical informatics,83(11), 860-868. Sengupta, N., Sengupta, M. (2014). Singapore Airlines: Gliding with People Excellence. Singapore Airlines Official Website | (2017). Singaporeair.com. Retrieved 8 October 2017, from https://www.singaporeair.com ?lusarczyk, B., Golnik, R. (2014). The recruitment process in transnational corporations.Polish Journal of Management Studies,10. Swider, B. W., Zimmerman, R. D., Barrick, M. R. (2015). Searching for the right fit: Development of applicant person-organization fit perceptions during the recruitment process.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(3), 880. Wirtz, J., Heracleous, L. (2016). Singapore Airlines: Managing Human Resources for Costeffective Service Excellence. InSERVICES MARKETING: People Technology Strategy(pp. 695-703). Yang, D., Xinde, C. (2014). Innovation Research of Enterprise Human Resource Selection----The Selection of Southwest Airlines.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(7).

Actor-Network Theory in Information Systems Research

Question: Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfil the aims of the assemblage. Discuss this statement by following the tasks below. Answer: Introduction The essay describes Actor-network theory on two recent computing news and argues on the topic "Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, to fulfill the aims of the assemblage." The theory identifies the actors and their category including digital, software, and hardware, human, structural or cultural in both cases. The essay also describes the acts of those actants on each other and the behavioral changes occur due to the actions as well as how the situation helps in enhancing management. Apart from this, the essay also discusses the case on behalf of some famous persons (Morozov, Nicholas Carr and Clay Shirky). Actor Network Theory Actor-network theory or ANT was originated from the ideas of the fields like sociology and anthropology. The theory considers every component of society is a part of social network. The living and non-living entities have the same importance as well as influence the society (Alexander and Silvis 2014). The theory is based on mainly two components the actor and the network. Actor: The actor can be anything including human, hardware, software, instrument, etc. and they have impacts on the network. Network: The actors and their work together create the network. In a society, everything is related to each other in a way. As an example, in an IT company, there are many departments like marketing, sales, accounting, HR, IT as well as R D and networking. Every department has individual entities like employees, machine, server, room, particular software (Bootstrap, JavaBeans for IT, MS Office Account express for accounting department). The entities are called the actors, and they together complete the department, which is the example of the network. All the departments together complete the IT Company as well as creating a larger network. In the network hierarchy, the departments are the subset of the company and the departments are the superset of employees. Thus for the company, departments and other external factors are actors and for departments, the departmental entities are the actors. The theory also defines some other terms like intermediaries, mediators as well as concepts like Translation and Quasi-object, etc. Intermediaries: The act of intermediaries has no impact on network thus; it can be ignored. Mediators: The mediators can differ in the output of the network. Translation Quasi-object: The concept of Translation means a centralized network where all the actors agree with the concept and defend it. The Quasi-object moves on the network like a token in the ring network. Relevance of ANT in Computing However, the actor-network theory was originated in the field of sociology, but the theory is now applied in other fields due to its distinct object-indicative approach. In computing the actor network, the method can precisely find out the problems and solution in a technical network. Detecting the issues can lead the network towards the path of technological progress. Precise Reality: The ANT approach is distinct from the other research approaches. Active network theory has a dynamic approach as it takes all the elements as its actors. In the way, the theory does not miss a single relation between entities and its impact which in another research approach may neglect considering trivial. As an example, In the IT department if due to particular machine issues an efficient employee misses his target of submitting a job in time, the impact covers the employee performance, department performance as well as the company performance. The machine issue is an important actant in the ANT, but some other approach may miss the component. Recognition of multiplicity: The ANT can recognize the multiple realities of its objects and relate the ideas from a different perspective. The effects may not have any particular origin, but they come from this origin. In the case of an IT company, the base level employee (Ex: data entry operator) reduction is a minor issue for middle-level management as recruiting this kind of staffs is easy but the sudden reduction of such employees can increase pressure on workload, so this is an important issue for the base level management (Tomlinson et al. 2013). Therefore, the value of the same subject is distinct from a different perspective. Detecting micro process in complex Environment: Generally, from the theoretical standpoint, components are divided into micro and macro components. Research approaches typically have a tendency to search troubles in the macro systems, which consist of many Microsystems. Therefore, the approaches miss the problems in Microsystems. The ANT considers each element as the actor and searches the interaction as well as the impact of the items on other (Farias and Bender 2012). Therefore, this approach does not miss any issue. In the present scenario, for an IT company employee confliction in a particular department can delay the work as well as the performance of the department. The performance issue can create further troubles in the teams of the company thus increasing complexity for the enterprise. The micro process (employee confliction) thus troubles the whole network (company). Computing News 1 According to IEEE Spectrum (March 15, 2016), five major cases (hospital site hacking) raises the finger towards the vulnerabilities of cyber security (Spectrum.ieee.org 2016). From the information, nearly 2000 copies of X-ray were downloaded illegally from hospital site (China) due to an older version of OS in machine and devices. As the OS versions are old, the hospitals do no connect their systems to the internet (Khurana 2015). However, to update the firmware an employee connects some system to the internet and finds out the machine unserviceable with malware. Identification of Actors: In the computing news 1, the actors are the hospital, the hospital site, the hospital machines, OS used, the employee, firmware as well as the unknown downloader. Categories of Actors: The digital, software, hardware, human, structural, cultural actors are the site, firmware/OS, machine, employee/downloader, the internet, affect of hacking respectively. Action and Impact of action: In this case, the hospital site is changed due to the employee ignorance as nearly 2000 copies of patient X-ray downloaded. These types of download bring a structural shift in the society on the ethical issues. The employee later knew that some Chinese natives could not get permission to leave China due to infectious lungs diseases. The downloaded copies (clear reports) may be helpful to them. Therefore, these copies can help in illegal immigration thus creating cultural conflict. The older version of OS damaged the machine as well as loose valuable information. Here the networks are the hospitals and the internet and both face problems due to the actors. Increasing Security Management: According to the topic, the older version of OS is the negative factor. A hospital needs to connect to the internet. Therefore, the absence of internet connection cannot be a practical option. The hospital should regularly update its OS; add anti-virus/anti-malware in the system etc. Apart from this, the ISPs should deal with the ethical issues in ICT and hacking as well as increase awareness and cyber security. Computing News 2 According to Tech Crunch (March 2016), Microsoft had brought the game Minecraft for 2.5 billion dollars to launch a platform for virtual reality and artificial intelligence (Dickey et al. 2016). Microsoft has announced a new software platform AIX to develop AI-powered characters for the game Minecraft. It will be a self-learning process for children. Identification of Actors: In this case, the actors are Microsoft, Minecraft game, money amount (2.5 billion dollars), platform for virtual reality and AI, AIX as well as the consumers (includes children) Categories of Actors: The digital, software, hardware, human, structural, cultural actors are Microsoft/Minecraft game, AIX, Systems, children/players, AI, machine culture respectively. Action and Impact of action: According to the case, Microsoft is using the Minecraft game as a platform to increase the experiment on artificial intelligence. Using a popular sandbox game the company can find a large audience to show the platform. The open and creative components of this game can be fruitful for AI experiment (Bond and Gasser 2014). Moreover, the video game can help children learn the complex nature of AI quickly easily. The amount of money shows the urgency of innovation for Microsoft. Therefore, the actors here can increase the goal of AI networks like reasoning, natural language processing, intelligent behavior for machines as well as the communication between machine and human actors (Bond and Gasser 2014). Enhanced management In recent years, artificial intelligence has become a major interest for information technology. The primary goal is to increase the intelligent behavior of the machine. The rational behavior includes reasoning, knowledge, learning, perception as well as moving and manipulation of objects. Using the popular video game Minecraft children as well as other players can realize the impact of AI and its characteristics. Involving into something is the easiest way of learning (O'Neil 2014). This strategy of Microsoft will increase interested people as well as students to interact in the compound subject. With the open source license of the game, different communities can interact and experiment with the topic AI and AIX platform. The negative aspect of this situation is the game will addict the children, the target players as well as change their mindset for hobbies and increase health problems. Big Data Analysis and other views Big data is structured as well as unstructured data generation when some topic is seen from different perspectives (hidden patterns, marketing trends, customer view). The analysis leads to efficient ways of marketing, technology, competition as well as customer service (Sourav et al. 2015). The computing cases described in the essay generate big data necessary for information mining (Zhang and Huang 2014). Computing News 1: In the site hacking case in China, the data generation includes the security system condition of hospitals in China, the ethical issues in the ICT, the cultural condition in a part of China as well as the socio-economic structure of China. Computing News 2: According to the second case of Microsoft approach to increase the Artificial Intelligence platform using sandbox game Minecraft includes the progress in AI platform, improved target players for the game, easy learning of AI, etc. Morozov view: According to Morozov, data mining operation of government can lead to serious privacy threat for people (Lazer et al. 2014). The idea of all data securely stored on the internet is a utopian hypothesis. In the first computing case, the idea of security is in trouble as the mere update case leads to serious harm to hospital system and site. The Microsoft idea to increase the AI platform can lead more machine dependency as well as vulnerabilities in people. Nicholas Carr view: According to Nicholas Carr, the use of internet and machine (includes computer, tab as well as a calculator) is obstructing human power of deep thinking. In this digital era, people are very dependent on the internet (Chen et al. 2014). In the first case, the inevitable dependency on the internet becomes the cause of system damage as well as the illegal download of confidential copies. In the second case, the progress in AI platform can enrich human knowledge. However, the strategy to launch the AI platform using the game can detach human from their early habits, hobbies as well as increase health risks. Clay Shirky view: According to the surplus cognitive theory of Clay, Shirky technology changes the consumers into an associate. In the first computing case, the unknown downloader is a transformation from user to hacker, and the transformation leads ethical issues in ICT as well as harm to the system of the hospital. In the second case, Microsoft has a strategy for customer interaction for the AI platform. The interaction and comments can lead the players and user to transform into AI programmer or tester. Conclusion The essay includes the basis of active network theory stating that in micro as well as macro process every actor is dependent on some other actor and vice versa. The essay also describes two recent IT cases and argues on the impact on those cases taking different actors like hardware, software, social, cultural as well as human. Moreover, the two cases are also seen from different viewpoints like big data analysis, Morozov, Nicolas Carr, etc. References Alexander, P.M. and Silvis, E., 2014. Actor-network theory in information systems research.Information Research,19(2). 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